{"id":98280,"date":"2025-11-05T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-02-24T13:21:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T21:21:33","slug":"documentdb-goes-cloud-native-introducing-the-documentdb-kubernetes-operator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opensource.microsoft.com\/blog\/2025\/11\/05\/documentdb-goes-cloud-native-introducing-the-documentdb-kubernetes-operator\/","title":{"rendered":"DocumentDB goes cloud-native: Introducing the DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Today, we&#8217;re excited to announce the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aka.ms\/documentdb-kubernetes-operator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator<\/a>, an open-source, cloud-native solution to deploy, manage, and scale DocumentDB instances on Kubernetes.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/documentdb\/documentdb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DocumentDB<\/a>&nbsp;is a MongoDB-compatible, open-source document database built on PostgreSQL. The DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator represents a natural evolution of the DocumentDB ecosystem, following our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/opensource.microsoft.com\/blog\/2025\/01\/23\/documentdb-open-source-announcement\/\">open source announcement<\/a>&nbsp;and recent&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/opensource.microsoft.com\/blog\/2025\/08\/25\/documentdb-joins-the-linux-foundation\/\">joining of the Linux Foundation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to distributed databases, there is no&nbsp;<em>one-size-fits-all<\/em>&nbsp;solution. Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) options may not always meet customers&#8217; data sovereignty or portability needs. On the other hand, managing database clusters manually is complex and resource intensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/documentdb.github.io\/documentdb-kubernetes-operator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Check out our quickstart guide<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s needed is a balanced approach: one that automates routine tasks like updates and backups, while simplifying operations such as scaling, failover, and recovery. This is precisely where Kubernetes excels\u2014bridging automation with operational simplicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, unlike stateless applications that can be easily scaled and replaced, running stateful workloads in Kubernetes has always posed unique challenges. The DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator addresses these by using the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/extend-kubernetes\/operator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">operator pattern<\/a>&nbsp;to extend Kubernetes, making it possible to manage DocumentDB clusters as native Kubernetes resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach creates a clear separation of responsibilities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The database platform team can focus solely on system health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>App developers enjoy a DBaaS-like experience, without the need to build custom automation between container orchestration and database operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The operator handles the complexity of PostgreSQL cluster orchestration, MongoDB protocol translation, and other critical operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Application development teams can integrate services using MongoDB-compatible drivers and tools, thereby simplifying the process of migrating existing workloads to DocumentDB, or building new cloud-native applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"documentdb-operator-architecture-overview\">DocumentDB operator architecture overview<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-msxcm-kicker-container\">\n\t<div class=\" wp-block-msxcm-kicker-block wp-block-msxcm-kicker--align-right\" data-bi-an=\"Kicker Right\">\n\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-msxcm-kicker__title small text-neutral-400 text-uppercase\">\n\t\t\tDocumentDB joins the Linux Foundation\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<a\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-msxcm-kicker__cta btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none\"\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/opensource.microsoft.com\/blog\/2025\/08\/25\/documentdb-joins-the-linux-foundation\"\n\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\"\t\t>\n\t\t\t<span>Read more<\/span> <span class=\"glyph-append glyph-append-xsmall wp-block-msxcm-kicker__glyph glyph-append-chevron-right\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand how this works, let\u2019s take a look under the hood, to explore the key components and architecture that make this seamless Kubernetes integration possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A DocumentDB cluster deployed on Kubernetes consists of multiple DocumentDB instances that are orchestrated by the operator. A DocumentDB instance consists of the following core components that run inside a Kubernetes Pod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PostgreSQL with DocumentDB Extension<\/strong>: This is the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/documentdb\/documentdb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">core database engine<\/a>\u00a0enhanced with document storage and querying capabilities.It is deployed in customer application namespaces on Kubernetes worker nodes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gateway Container<\/strong>: A protocol translator that runs as a sidecar container, converting MongoDB wire protocol requests into PostgreSQL DocumentDB extension calls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By default, the DocumentDB instance is accessible within the cluster. If configured, the operator creates a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kubernetes Service<\/a>&nbsp;for external client applications to connect to the DocumentDB cluster (via the Gateway) using any MongoDB-compatible client or tooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cloudnative-pg-operator-for-postgresql-orchestration\">CloudNative-PG operator for PostgreSQL orchestration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The DocumentDB operator uses the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cloudnative-pg.io\/documentation\/1.27\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CloudNative-PG (CNPG)<\/a>\u00a0operator for PostgreSQL cluster management. CNPG is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cncf.io\/sandbox-projects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CNCF) Sandbox project<\/a>\u00a0that provides an open-source Kubernetes operator for managing PostgreSQL workloads. The CNPG operator runs in the\u00a0<em>cnpg-system<\/em>\u00a0namespace on Kubernetes worker nodes. Behind the scenes, the DocumentDB operator creates the required CNPG resources to manage the lifecycle of PostgreSQL instances with the DocumentDB extension.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/opensource.microsoft.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/media_1428865e0f78e6ee9c6b2dc5836dfafe1110df4d6.webp\" alt=\"Diagram showing the high-level Kubernetes architecture.\" class=\"wp-image-98283 webp-format\" srcset=\"\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/opensource.microsoft.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/media_1428865e0f78e6ee9c6b2dc5836dfafe1110df4d6.webp\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: High level overview of DocumentDB cluster deployment on Kubernetes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The operator also includes a\u00a0<strong>CNPG Sidecar Injector<\/strong>\u00a0component, which is an admission webhook that automatically injects the DocumentDB Gateway container into PostgreSQL pods during deployment. Thanks to the extensibility of CNPG, the DocumentDB gateway container is implemented as a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudnative-pg\/cnpg-i\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CloudNativePG Interface<\/a>\u00a0(CNPG-I) plugin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px\"><blockquote><p>&#8220;DocumentDB is addressing a real need as an open-source, document-oriented NoSQL database built on PostgreSQL. By offering MongoDB API compatibility without vendor lock-in, it tackles a long-standing challenge for developers. We are thrilled to see the DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator joining the Linux Foundation, and proud that under the hood, it&#8217;s powered by CloudNativePG, a CNCF Sandbox project. The future of PostgreSQL on Kubernetes just got even brighter!&#8221;<\/p><cite>\u2014Gabriele Bartolini, Vice President, EDB<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"getting-started-with-documentdb-kubernetes-operator\"><br>Getting started with DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ready to try it out? Getting started with the operator is straightforward. You can use a local Kubernetes cluster such as&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/minikube.sigs.k8s.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">minikube<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/kind.sigs.k8s.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kind<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;and use&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/helm.sh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Helm<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;for installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, execute the commands below to install&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cert-manager.io\/docs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cert-manager<\/a>&nbsp;to manage TLS certificates for the DocumentDB cluster:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nhelm repo add jetstack https:\/\/charts.jetstack.io\n\nhelm repo update\n\nhelm install cert-manager jetstack\/cert-manager --namespace cert-manager --create-namespace --set installCRDs=true\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Next, install the DocumentDB operator using the Helm chart:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nhelm install documentdb-operator oci:\/\/ghcr.io\/microsoft\/documentdb-operator --namespace documentdb-operator --create-namespace\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em><br>This will install the latest version of the operator. To specify a version, use &#8212; version.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wait for the operator to start. Run this command to verify its status:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nkubectl get pods -n documentdb-operator\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You should see an output like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nNAME \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0READY\u00a0\u00a0 STATUS \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0RESTARTS\u00a0 AGE\n\ndocumentdb-operator-65d6b97878-ns5wk 1\/1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Running\u00a0\u00a0 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1m\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Now, create a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/configuration\/secret\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kubernetes Secret<\/a>\u00a0to store the DocumentDB credentials. This should have your desired administrator username and password (make sure to note them down):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -\napiVersion: v1\n\nkind: Namespace\n\nmetadata:\n\n  name: documentdb-preview-ns\n\n---\n\napiVersion: v1\n\nkind: Secret\n\nmetadata:\n\n  name: documentdb-credentials\n\n  namespace: documentdb-preview-ns\n\ntype: Opaque\n\nstringData:\n\n  username: k8s_secret_user\n\n  password: DemoPwd\n\nEOF\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>With the credentials in place, create a single-node DocumentDB cluster:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Namespace\nmetadata:\n  name: documentdb-preview-ns\n---\napiVersion: db.microsoft.com\/preview\nkind: DocumentDB\nmetadata:\n  name: documentdb-preview\n  namespace: documentdb-preview-ns\nspec:\n  nodeCount: 1\n  instancesPerNode: 1\n  documentDbCredentialSecret: documentdb-credentials\n  resource:\n    storage:\n      pvcSize: 10Gi\n  exposeViaService:\n    serviceType: ClusterIP\nEOF\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Wait for the DocumentDB cluster to be fully initialized, and run this command to verify that it is running:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nkubectl get pods -n documentdb-preview-ns\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You should see an output like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nNAME \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0READY\u00a0\u00a0 STATUS \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0RESTARTS\u00a0\u00a0 AGE\n\ndocumentdb-preview-1\u00a0\u00a0 2\/2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Running\u00a0\u00a0 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1m\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Once the cluster is running, you can connect to the DocumentDB instance directly through the Gateway port 10260. For both\u00a0<em>minikube<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>kind<\/em>, this can be easily done using\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/access-application-cluster\/port-forward-access-application-cluster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">port forwarding<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nkubectl port-forward pod\/documentdb-preview-1 10260:10260 -n documentdb-preview-ns\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>With port forwarding active, you can now connect using any MongoDB client or tool. For example, from a different terminal, try connecting with\u00a0<em>mongosh<\/em>\u00a0(MongoDB shell):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nmongosh 127.0.0.1:10260 -u k8s_secret_user -p DemoPwd --authenticationMechanism SCRAM-SHA-256 --tls --tlsAllowInvalidCertificates\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"join-us-in-our-mission-to-advance-the-open-source-document-database-ecosystem\">Join us in our mission to advance the open-source document database ecosystem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator represents an important milestone in our broader mission and our commitment to vendor-neutral, community-driven development that puts developer needs first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We invite you to join the community and help shape the future of cloud-native document databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Get started by exploring the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aka.ms\/documentdb-kubernetes-operator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub repository<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/documentdb.github.io\/documentdb-kubernetes-operator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">documentation<\/a>, or participate in discussions on our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aka.ms\/documentdb-kubernetes-operator-discord\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discord community<\/a>. As the project continues to evolve under Linux Foundation governance, you can expect to see contributions that expand functionality and integrate with other Kubernetes and CNCF projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aka.ms\/documentdb-kubernetes-operator-discord\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Join the conversation on Discord today<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator enables you to deploy and manage open-source DocumentDB on Kubernetes. Simplify cloud-native database operations today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6153,"featured_media":98281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"msxcm_post_with_no_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","_classifai_text_to_speech_error":"","footnotes":""},"post_tag":[158],"content-type":[346],"topic":[],"programming-languages":[],"coauthors":[726],"class_list":["post-98280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-kubernetes","content-type-news","review-flag-1593580428-734","review-flag-1-1593580432-963","review-flag-alway-1593580310-39","review-flag-integ-1593580288-449","review-flag-new-1593580248-669"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DocumentDB goes cloud-native: Introducing the DocumentDB Kubernetes Operator | Microsoft Open 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